**Background** Chronic cough is a debilitating condition that significantly impacts the quality of life for patients, often resulting from prolonged airway inflammation or hypersensitivity of the sensory nerves. The pathogenesis…
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health issue characterized by progressive loss of renal function and structural damage. One of the key contributors to CKD progression is metabolic…
Spontaneous preterm birth remains the leading cause of neonatal mortality and long-term neurological disabilities among survivors. A significant proportion of these cases are linked to intrauterine infection, which triggers a…
**Background** Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The CFTR protein functions as a chloride channel across…
A 51-year-old woman was diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia (ET) in 1995, presenting with a markedly elevated platelet count of 1240 × 10⁹/L and hypercellular bone marrow dominated by large, mature…
Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) represent a significant class of regulatory RNAs that exhibit sequence complementarity to other transcripts. These molecules are increasingly recognized for their roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation…
**Background** Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone that plays a critical role in maintaining the stability and function of numerous client proteins, many of which…
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has emerged as a cornerstone in regenerative medicine due to its exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, and intrinsic bioactivity. As a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), HA…
**Background** Autoinflammatory diseases are characterized by inappropriate activation of the innate immune system, leading to systemic inflammation and tissue damage. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a…
Chronic exposure to elevated manganese levels is increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor for neurocognitive and motor impairments, particularly in children. Despite this, the cellular mechanisms underlying manganese toxicity…