rabbit anti-beta actin monoclonal antibody 9038

Additiona Information:
9 5 2 inhostrabbit|isotypeIgG|clonalitymonoclonal|concentration1 mg/mL|applicationsELISA, ICC/IF, WB|available sizes100 g|rabbit anti-beta actin monoclonal antibody 9038antibodyDatabase link:human P60709mouse P60710rat P60711Tested applicationsWB,ICC/IF,ELISARecommended dilutionsWB: 1:1000-5000Size and concentration100g and 1 mg/mLFormliquidStorage bufferPBS, pH 7.2, 0.05% NaN3Purityaffinity purifiedClonalitymonoclonalIsotypeIgGCompatible secondariesgoat anti-rabbit IgG, H&L chain specific, peroxidase conjugated, conjugated polyclonal antibody 9512goat anti-rabbit IgG, H&L chain specific, biotin conjugated polyclonal antibody 2079goat anti-rabbit IgG, H&L chain specific, FITC conjugated polyclonal antibody 7863goat anti-rabbit IgG, H&L chain specific, Cross Absorbed polyclonal antibody 2371goat anti-rabbit IgG, H&L chain specific, biotin conjugated polyclonal antibody, crossabsorbed 1715goat anti-rabbit IgG, H&L chain specific, FITC conjugated polyclonal antibody, crossabsorbed 1720Isotype controlRabbit monocolonal IgG – Isotype Controltarget relevanceActin, a highly conserved protein, is widely recognized as an essential loading control in scientific research, particularly in the field of cell biology and molecular biology. As a structural component of the cytoskeleton, actin is present in virtually all eukaryotic cells. Actin participates in many important cellular processes, including muscle contraction, cell motility, cell division and cytokinesis, vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions and cell shape. Many of these processes are mediated by extensive and intimate interactions of actin with cellular membranes. Its ubiquitous expression and relatively stable levels make it an ideal reference protein for normalizing protein loading in Western blotting and other protein analysis techniques. Actin’ abundance and consistent expression ensure that its quantity remains relatively constant across different experimental conditions and sample variations. Actin isoforms are distinct variants of the actin protein found in eukaryotic cells, and they play crucial roles in various cellular processes. One of the primary differences between actin isoforms lies in their tissue-specific distribution. For instance, skeletal muscle cells predominantly express the -actin isoform, while smooth muscle cells mainly contain the -actin isoform. These tissue-specific distributions are essential for the specialized functions of muscle cells. Moreover, actin isoforms can also differ in their post-translational modifications. For example, -actin is more prone to undergo acetylation than -actin. Additionally, actin isoforms can exhibit variations in their kinetic properties, such as rates of polymerization and depolymerization, which can influence their roles in processes like cell motility or cytoskeletal stability. Furthermore, some actin isoforms may interact with different binding partners or regulatory proteins, further diversifying their functions within the cell. These differences in tissue distribution, post-translational modifications, kinetic properties, and protein interactions contribute to the versatility and specificity of actin isoforms in various cellular processes and underline their importance in maintaining cellular structure and function. This antibody recognizes the beta actin isoform and can be used as a loading control when run alongside proteins of interest with different and resolvable molecular weights and ideally in combination with antibodies of same host and when using a secondary antibody.Click for more on: loading controlsand beta ActinProtein namesActin, cytoplasmic 1 (EC 3.6.4.-) (Beta-actin) [Cleaved into: Actin, cytoplasmic 1, N-terminally processed]Gene namesACTB,ACTBProtein familyActin familyMass41737DaFunctionActin is a highly conserved protein that polymerizes to produce filaments that form cross-linked networks in the cytoplasm of cells (PubMed:29581253). Actin exists in both monomeric (G-actin) and polymeric (F-actin) forms, both forms playing key functions, such as cell motility and contraction (PubMed:29581253). In addition to their role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, G- and F-actin also localize in the nucleus, and regulate gene transcription and motility and repair of damaged DNA (PubMed:29925947). Part of the ACTR1A/ACTB filament around which the dynactin complex is built. The dynactin multiprotein complex activates the molecular motor dynein for ultra-processive transport along microtubules (By similarity).Catalytic activityReaction=ATP + H2O = ADP + H(+) + phosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:13065, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; Evidence=;Subellular locationCytoplasm, cytoskeleton Nucleus Note=Localized in cytoplasmic mRNP granules containing untranslated mRNAs.StructurePolymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix (PubMed:28604741, PubMed:16685646). Each actin can bind to 4 others (PubMed:28604741, PubMed:16685646). Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs (PubMed:17289661). Component of the BAF complex, which includes at least actin (ACTB), ARID1A, ARID1B/BAF250, SMARCA2, SMARCA4/BRG1, ACTL6A/BAF53, ACTL6B/BAF53B, SMARCE1/BAF57 SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCC2/BAF170, SMARCB1/SNF5/INI1, and one or more of SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD2/BAF60B, or SMARCD3/BAF60C (PubMed:18765789). In muscle cells, the BAF complex also contains DPF3 (PubMed:18765789). Found in a complex with XPO6, Ran, ACTB and PFN1 (PubMed:14592989). Interacts with XPO6 and EMD (PubMed:15328537). Interacts with ERBB2 (PubMed:21555369). Interacts with GCSAM (PubMed:17823310). Interacts with TBC1D21 (By similarity). Interacts with CPNE1 (via VWFA domain) and CPNE4 (via VWFA domain) (By similarity). Interacts with DHX9 (via C-terminus); this interaction is direct and mediates the attachment to nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (PubMed:11687588). Interacts with FAM107A (PubMed:21969592, PubMed:28604741). Part of the ACTR1A/ACTB filament around which the dynactin complex is built. The filament contains 8 copies of ACTR1A and 1 ACTB (By similarity).Post-translational modificationISGylated. ; Oxidation of Met-44 and Met-47 by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) to form methionine sulfoxide promotes actin filament depolymerization. MICAL1 and MICAL2 produce the (R)-S-oxide form. The (R)-S-oxide form is reverted by MSRB1 and MSRB2, which promote actin repolymerization. ; Monomethylation at Lys-84 (K84me1) regulates actin-myosin interaction and actomyosin-dependent processes (PubMed:23673617). Demethylation by ALKBH4 is required for maintaining actomyosin dynamics supporting normal cleavage furrow ingression during cytokinesis and cell migration (PubMed:23673617). ; Methylated at His-73 by SETD3 (PubMed:30526847, PubMed:30626964, PubMed:30785395, PubMed:31388018). Methylation at His-73 is required for smooth muscle contraction of the laboring uterus during delivery (By similarity). ; [Actin, cytoplasmic 1]: N-terminal cleavage of acetylated methionine of immature cytoplasmic actin by ACTMAP. ; [Actin, cytoplasmic 1, N-terminally processed]: N-terminal acetylation by NAA80 affects actin filament depolymerization and elongation, including elongation driven by formins (PubMed:29581253). In contrast, filament nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex is not affected (PubMed:29581253). ; (Microbial infection) Monomeric actin is cross-linked by V.cholerae toxins RtxA and VgrG1 in case of infection: bacterial toxins mediate the cross-link between Lys-50 of one monomer and Glu-270 of another actin monomer, resulting in formation of highly toxic actin oligomers that cause cell rounding (PubMed:19015515). The toxin can be highly efficient at very low concentrations by acting on formin homology family proteins: toxic actin oligomers bind with high affinity to formins and adversely affect both nucleation and elongation abilities of formins, causing their potent inhibition in both profilin-dependent and independent manners (PubMed:26228148).Involvement in diseaseDystonia, juvenile-onset (DJO) [MIM:607371]: A form of dystonia with juvenile onset. Dystonia is defined by the presence of sustained involuntary muscle contraction, often leading to abnormal postures. Patients with juvenile-onset dystonia manifest progressive, generalized, dopa-unresponsive dystonia, developmental malformations and sensory hearing loss. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.; Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1 (BRWS1) [MIM:243310]: A rare developmental disorder characterized by the combination of congenital ptosis, high-arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, ocular colobomata, and a brain malformation consisting of anterior-predominant lissencephaly. Other typical features include postnatal short stature and microcephaly, intellectual disability, seizures, and hearing loss. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.Target Relevance information above includes information from UniProt accession: P60709The UniProt Consortium|

Antibodies are immunoglobulins secreted by effector lymphoid B cells into the bloodstream. Antibodies consist of two light peptide chains and two heavy peptide chains that are linked to each other by disulfide bonds to form a “Y” shaped structure. Both tips of the “Y” structure contain binding sites for a specific antigen. Antibodies are commonly used in medical research, pharmacological research, laboratory research, and health and epidemiological research. They play an important role in hot research areas such as targeted drug development, in vitro diagnostic assays, characterization of signaling pathways, detection of protein expression levels, and identification of candidate biomarkers.
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