-Somatostatin Somatostatin is an endogenous neuropeptide hormone found in the brain and pancreas. Somatostatin binds several isoforms of the somatostatin receptor, exhibiting anxiolytic, antiepileptic/anticonvulsant, and anorexigenic activities. In vivo, somatostatin…
-Substance P Substance P (SP) is an endogenous tachykinin neuropeptide that is involved in inflammatory, pain, and stress signaling; it exhibits neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, and gastrointestinal motility modulating activities. SP…
-Angiotensin II Angiotensin II (AT II) is a peptide produced from AT I by angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE). AT II binds the AT II type 1 (AT1) receptor, stimulating GPCRs in vascular…
-Angiotensin II Angiotensin II (AT II) is a peptide produced from AT I by angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE). AT II binds the AT II type 1 (AT1) receptor, stimulating GPCRs in vascular…
-Substance P Substance P (SP) is an endogenous tachykinin neuropeptide that is involved in inflammatory, pain, and stress signaling; it exhibits neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, and gastrointestinal motility modulating activities. SP…
-α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Melanotan-I (NDP-MSH) is a semi-synthetic melanocortin analog that activates the melanocortin receptor. NDP-MSH exhibits both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities in various models. In animal models of liver…
-Substance P Substance P (SP) is an endogenous tachykinin neuropeptide that is involved in inflammatory, pain, and stress signaling; it exhibits neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, and gastrointestinal motility modulating activities. SP…
-Vasopressin Vasopressin is a peptide that acts on vasopressin receptors, modulating intestinal motility, inducing vasoconstriction in arteries, and inducing contraction of various muscles. Vasopressin also exhibits antidiuretic activity, occasionally resulting…
-Angiotensin III Angiotensin III (AT III) is the smallest, least active peptide fragment of precursor angiotensinogen. AT III is produced by the degradation of AT II by angiotensinase. AT III…
-Bradykinin Bradykinin is a peptide that exhibits natriuretic, antioxidative, vasodilatory, and pro-angiogenic activities. Bradykinin stimulates bradykinin receptors and increases PLC activity, decreasing ENaC open probability, inhibiting distal nephron Na+ transport,…